<![CDATA[Traffic congestion in urban areas is a critical issue, particularly in densely populated regions such as Bali. This study addresses the challenge by implementing a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method to classify traffic density levels based on images captured by road surveillance cameras. The primary focus of this research is hyperparameter optimization to enhance the model's performance in classifying traffic conditions. Various combinations of hyperparameters—such as the number of neurons in the dense layer, dropout rate, learning rate, batch size, and number of epochs—were tested on two popular CNN architectures: MobileNet and VGG16. MobileNet offers lightweight computing, while VGG16 provides strong feature extraction capabilities, albeit with higher computational resource demands. Quantitative results show that after hyperparameter tuning, the MobileNet architecture achieved an accuracy of 96.94% and an F1 score of 0.969, while the VGG16 architecture achieved an accuracy of 97.22% and an F1 score of 0.972 in traffic density classification. These findings confirm that hyperparameter optimization can significantly improve classification accuracy. The scientific contribution of this research lies in the structured approach to CNN hyperparameter optimization and the demonstration that this process directly impacts the enhancement of model performance in traffic image classification tasks. This study offers valuable insights for the development of intelligent traffic management systems, especially in urban areas with limited resources.]]>
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