<![CDATA[Bhūmi Kaḍiri is a wide area of political power by Pangjalu Kingdom government at the 11th-12th centuries AD. The scope of authority area can be known based on the distribution of cultural heritage elements that form the cultural area, including Kediri Region and surrounding areas. The elements of cultural heritage are the King's Gift Inscriptions, Quadrate Inscriptions, and Artifact of Miniature Houses (Durung). The distribution of cultural heritage in Bhumi Kaḍiri shows the existence of a geopolitical space that was purpose constructed by the Pangjalu kings and their high officials to maintain political power and regional sovereignty from enemy attacks. This study uses a historical research method with a landscape archeology approach. The results of the study show that Bhumi Kaḍiri has a natural landscape in the form of lowlands surrounded by mountains as natural fortresses. Meanwhile, the gaps in the lowlands between the two mountains became the residence of soldiers and people who loyally protected the kingdom as a fortress of the soul. The geo-political construction of Bhūmi Kaḍiri is a heritage of knowledge about regional defense in ancient civilization on the Brantas River in the 11th-12th centuries AD.]]>
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