<![CDATA[As urbanization continues to accelerate, particularly in cities like Surabaya, the availability of agricultural land has been steadily decreasing, making food security a growing concern. In response to these challenges, urban farming, particularly through hydroponic systems, has emerged as a promising solution to ensure sustainable food production in limited spaces. However, issues such as the high cost and limited availability of high-quality fertilizers, as well as the difficulty in maintaining a consistent farming schedule, have posed significant barriers. This study aims to address these challenges by integrating IoT-based systems for temperature and pH monitoring, aiming to enhance farming efficiency. The validation results for both the DS18B20 Temperature Sensor and the pH Sensor 4502-C demonstrate their high accuracy and reliability for environmental monitoring. The DS18B20 sensor showed minimal error, with 0.89% for increasing temperatures and 1.34% for decreasing temperatures, achieving 99.11% and 98.66% accuracy, respectively. These results confirm the sensor’s effectiveness in real-time temperature control applications, such as those used in hydroponics and fermentation systems. Similarly, the pH Sensor 4502-C exhibited remarkable performance, with 99% accuracy in the acidic buffer, 98.99% in the neutral buffer, and 99% in the basic buffer. The error rates were extremely low, at 0.002% for acidic and basic buffers, and 0.01% for the neutral buffer, reinforcing the sensor’s reliability for pH monitoring in controlled environments.]]>
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