<![CDATA[Abstract: This study discusses the concept and application of corporate criminal liability of hospitals in Indonesia, particularly in cases of patient deaths caused by systemic negligence. In the current legal practice, criminal responsibility in medical malpractice cases is often limited to individual health professionals, while institutional failures within the hospital management system are rarely held accountable. This creates a legal vacuum and impedes justice for the victims. The research uses a normative legal method with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. The study analyzes statutory provisions, legal doctrines, and the District Court Decision No. 95/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Bdg, in which a patient died due to delayed medical response caused by triage failure and poor hospital coordination systems. Findings of this research affirm that hospitals, as legal entities (corporations), can be held criminally liable if there is evidence of institutional negligence or failure in supervision, procedures, and medical service management that results in the death of a patient. The Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP) under Law No. 1 of 2023 provides a legal basis for imposing criminal sanctions on corporations, including hospitals. However, legal uncertainty still exists due to the absence of sector-specific regulations on healthcare institutional liability. This research calls for the reformulation of laws related to healthcare services to accommodate explicit criminal liability provisions for hospitals. Strengthening hospital accountability is essential to protect patients’ rights and ensure quality and safe healthcare services.Keywords: corporate criminal liability, hospital, systemic negligence, medical malpractice, patient rights, health law.]]>
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