Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Vol 39, No 2: August 2025

IoT-enabled smart healthcare system with machine learning for real-time vital sign monitoring and anomaly detection

Deshmukh, Sanjay (Unknown)
Shah, Shrey (Unknown)
Wahedna, Asim (Unknown)
Sabnis, Nimish (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Aug 2025

Abstract

This paper presents an innovative IoT-enabled smart healthcare system that combines real-time vital sign monitoring with machine learning-based anomaly detection. The system utilizes a MAX30102 photoplethysmography sensor interfaced with an ESP-32 microcontroller to collect heart rate and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) data. MQTT protocol ensures efficient data transmission to a cloud database. A long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network architecture is employed for time-series prediction of vital signs and anomaly detection. The system demonstrates high accuracy, with mean squared errors of 0.3% in offline testing and over 90% accuracy in real-time prediction. This affordable and scalable solution offers continuous monitoring capabilities, making it viable for widespread adoption in healthcare settings. The integration of IoT and machine learning techniques provides a robust framework for early detection of health anomalies, potentially improving patient care and outcomes in various medical scenarios.

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