<![CDATA[This study aims to identify learning obstacles and the necessary learning strategies for mastering Pythagoras and algebra concepts among high school students. Through analysis of students' responses, it was found that primary obstacles include epistemological, ontogenetic, and didactic aspects, which affect students' ability to understand fundamental concepts, and visual representations, and develop logical and meaningful problem-solving steps. The results indicate that students can visualize problems and apply formulas procedurally; however, they face difficulties in devising comprehensive strategies and understanding symbolic relationships deeply. The discussion emphasizes the importance of strengthening conceptual understanding, critical thinking practice, and the use of scaffolding and varied representations in the learning process. The conclusion highlights the need to emphasize the need to reinforce fundamental concepts and visual representations to improve students’ interpretative and reflective skills. Recommendations include integrating digital manipulatives, gradual symbolic manipulation exercises, and developing more explicit and contextual teaching methods to support a comprehensive understanding of concepts and problem-solving strategies in mathematics.]]>
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