<![CDATA[The development of smart infrastructure requires sensor systems that can operate autonomously without relying on conventional batteries. This study analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges (SWOT) of implementing battery-free sensor systems based on energy harvesting technology for smart infrastructure through a systematic literature study. The research methodology uses a literature review approach by analyzing 85 indexed international journal articles from the IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and MDPI databases for the period 2019-2024. The results of the SWOT analysis show that battery-free sensor systems have the main advantages of continuous operation, reduced maintenance costs by up to 60%, and are environmentally friendly. The main disadvantages include the limited energy that can be harvested (0.1-100 µW), dependence on environmental conditions, and the complexity of energy management. The greatest opportunities lie in the growth of the smart city market, which will reach $2.5 trillion by 2025, and the development of low-power communication technologies. Key challenges include fluctuations in environmental energy sources, electromagnetic interference, and data security regulations. This study provides strategic guidance for the development and implementation of battery-free sensor systems in smart infrastructure with energy harvesting efficiency that can be increased up to 85% through design optimization and adaptive energy management algorithms]]>
Copyrights © 2025
