Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI)
Vol 13, No 3: September 2025

Enhanced Multi-Class Pulmonary Disorder Detection Using Hard Voting Ensemble of CNN Models on X-Ray Images

Ebeid, Ebeid Ali (Unknown)
Youness, Farida (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Sep 2025

Abstract

Lung diseases represent a major public health concern, requiring timely and accurate diagnosis. Chest X-rays are widely used for initial screening, but manual interpretation is time-consuming and subject to variability among radiologists. To address these challenges, this study presents an automated deep learning-based framework for multi-class lung disease detection. The proposed approach integrates five convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures—EfficientNetB0, DenseNet201, ResNet50, MobileNetV2, and InceptionV3—within a hard-voting ensemble classifier to improve diagnostic performance. Transfer learning is applied to extract deep features from chest X-ray (CXR) images, and the ensemble strategy enhances overall accuracy compared to individual models. The system was evaluated into six categories, including normal, COVID-19, tuberculosis, opacity, bacterial pneumonia, and viral pneumonia. Results demonstrate that the ensemble achieves approximately 97% accuracy, outperforming current state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, the model shows strong capability in differentiating bacteria from viral pneumonia, underscoring its potential as a reliable tool for automated lung disease diagnosis in clinical practice.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

IJEEI

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Description

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) is a peer reviewed International Journal in English published four issues per year (March, June, September and December). The aim of Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) is to publish high-quality ...