<![CDATA[In the study area, water flow in rice fields was consistent throughout the year in the last decade, which reduced the urgency for strong institutional frameworks. Disputes over water allocation and the neglect of planting schedules between upstream, midstream, and downstream farmers show the need for stronger institutions. This study aims to work with farmers to integrate traditional knowledge into irrigation management. Using a qualitative approach, key informants—farmers, traditional leaders, and local officials—were purposively selected to capture diverse perspectives. The collaborative process involved building trust, dialogue, and joint problem-solving. Farmers proposed solutions rooted in local traditions: Mufakat (consensus) for communal maintenance, Alek Banda (harvest ceremonies) to strengthen unity, and matrilineal land systems to encourage participation. The study concludes that integrating these practices can enhance equitable and sustainable water governance.]]>
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