<![CDATA[Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, also known as Additive Manufacturing (AM), has rapidly advanced in the construction industry and is increasingly applied across different scales, ranging from small components to full-scale building projects. This article reviews the evolution of 3D printing technology with a particular focus on printing systems (gantry, robotic arms, and mobile systems), materials employed (concrete, polymers, and metals), and its applications in various construction projects. Findings indicate that 3D printing offers significant advantages in terms of time efficiency, cost reduction, and sustainability through material optimization and waste minimization. Nevertheless, several challenges remain, including regulations, quality standards, and long-term material durability. With the integration of intelligent technologies and continuous research, 3D printing holds the potential to emerge as a new paradigm in global construction practices.]]>
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