<![CDATA[The aim of this study is to figure whether adding more cementitious elements like fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and silica fume impacts the strength and durability of concrete. Concrete samples were put together with water-to-binder (w/b) ratios of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 after 28, 56, and 90 days of curing. After that, these ratios were tested before being employed. After 90 days, when 60% of the cement was replaced with fly ash at a water-to-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.3, the compressive strength reached 55.56 MPa. This is in contrast to the compressive strength of 32.89 MPa at 28 days. A 20% GGBS replacement also made the strength go up from 47.11 MPa after 28 days to 60.44 MPa after 90 days at the end of the trial. Adding 4% silica fume to each batch always made the strength grow stronger. The water sorptivity tests that were conducted to determine the durability performance showed that there was a substantial increase. The mixture with 20% GGBS and 4% silica fume, which had a water-to-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.4, had the lowest sorptivity value, which was 0.015 mm/min⁰·⁵. The study shows that alternative materials lower water permeability, structural integrity, and carbon emissions, promoting sustainable development. However, it knows that the building industry must source carefully and organize logistically to protect the environment.]]>
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