<![CDATA[This study analyzes the governance and effectiveness of supervision carried out by the Regional Supervisory Council (MPD) of notaries in Indonesia through a Critical Legal Studies (CLS) perspective. As a supervisory institution, the MPD is responsible for ensuring notaries' compliance with regulations and professional codes of ethics to ensure the integrity of legal services. However, in practice, MPD supervision faces a number of challenges, including limited human resources and budget, complicated reporting procedures, and regulations that are not fully adaptive to the dynamics of the notary profession. Using the CLS approach, this study highlights that supervision tends to be too formalistic, focuses on administrative procedures, and pays little attention to aspects of substantive justice that reflect the needs of the community. This study offers a substantive justice-based approach to supervision, which involves regulatory reform, increasing the capacity of MPD members through training and certification, digitizing the reporting system, and providing preventive guidance for notaries. This approach not only aims to enforce legal formalities but also ensures responsive, inclusive, and public interest-oriented supervision. The results of the study indicate that the application of the principle of substantive justice can increase the effectiveness of supervision, minimize the potential for violations, and strengthen public trust in the legal system. This study recommends a more progressive reform of the notary supervision system, with a focus on creating a transparent, accountable and sustainable supervision mechanism.]]>
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