<![CDATA[Rhizophora apiculata is a mangrove species whose fruit is known to contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics, and steroids, which have potential as natural antibacterial agents. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hand sanitizer gel formulated with ethanol extract of R. apiculata fruit using the disk diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and to determine the best formulation among three extract concentrations: F1 (5%), F2 (10%), and F3 (15%). Extraction was carried out by maceration using 96% ethanol, yielding an extract with a rendement of 37.5%. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, phenolics, terpenoids, and steroids. Antibacterial activity tests showed inhibition zones against S. aureus of 4.20 mm, 4.20 mm, and 4.35 mm for F1, F2, and F3, respectively, and against E. coli of 4.23 mm, 4.33 mm, and 4.37 mm. The F3 formulation, with 15% extract, exhibited the highest antibacterial activity and was determined to be the most effective. With stable physical characteristics, skin-safe pH, and proven antibacterial activity, R. apiculata fruit extract shows great potential as an active ingredient in eco-friendly hand sanitizer formulations.]]>
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