<![CDATA[Rainfall plays a critical role in the global water and energy cycle, influencing surface water availability and recharge processes both spatially and temporally. Traditional rainfall data collection using ombrometers provides accurate live data, but often faces the challenge of missing data due to equipment failure or transmission, especially in agencies such as BMKG. This problem of missing data greatly impacts hydrological analysis and requires an effective data recovery process through imputation. This study aims to assess the accuracy of rainfall data imputation techniques using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods. In this study, we utilize data from 31 observation stations in Semarang City for more than three decades. The findings show that the spatial distribution of rainfall is variable and exhibits a cyclic pattern despite fluctuations. The ANN model performed very well in overcoming missing data, especially in the dry season with an RMSE of 0.9489 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9926. By demonstrating the superiority of the ANN model in accurately predicting rainfall, this study offers an effective approach to improve the quality of BMKG climate data. This is expected to support disaster mitigation decisions and sustainable development planning. This approach demonstrates that the selection of an appropriate method is critical for accurate and reliable analysis of rainfall time series data. In addition to making an academic contribution, these results also provide an alternative imputation method for various time series.]]>
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