<![CDATA[Magnetic gradiometry has revolutionized aeromagnetic surveys, offering high-resolution mapping of subsurface structures and mineral deposits. This review explores the principles, instrumentation, data processing methods, and applications of the technique in geophysical exploration. Recent advancements in sensor technology, particularly the development of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), have facilitated the implementation of full tensor magnetic gradiometry (FTMG), enabling higher-resolution subsurface characterization. The integration of these systems with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has significantly enhanced survey adaptability and spatial coverage. Furthermore, advanced data processing methodologies, such as multifractal singular value decomposition (MSVD) and optimized empirical mode decomposition (EMD) techniques, have substantially improved noise suppression and anomaly detection capabilities in geophysical datasets. Novel edge detection filters and 3D inversion algorithms have improved interpretation capabilities. Magnetic gradiometry has found applications in mineral exploration, hydrocarbon detection, geological mapping, and archaeological investigations. Its integration with other geophysical methods has proven effective for comprehensive subsurface characterization. While challenges persist in noise reduction and interpretation ambiguities, ongoing research in sensor technology, data processing, and integration with artificial intelligence promises to expand the capabilities of this powerful geophysical exploration technique.]]>
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