<![CDATA[Electric Vehicles (EVs) offer low emissions and reduced fossil fuel dependence but require efficient battery thermal management to ensure performance and safety. This research aims for tuning proportional-derivative(PD), proportional-integral(PI) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for Electrical Vehicle (EV) Thermal Management System using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm method (GOA) method to optimize the compressor power consumption to contribute to the development of better EV battery thermal management systems. By minimizing and maximizing the factors involved in the challenges, optimization is the process of identifying the best way to make something as useful and effective as feasible. Simulation results show that GOA outperforms PSO for all controllers. Objective function values for GOA are lower, 1.6783 (PD), 0.8517 (PI), and 0.8114 (PID), compared to PSO, 1.7578, 0.8665, and 0.8254, respectively. Improvement percentages of GOA over PSO are 4.73% (PD), 1.70% (PI), and 1.65% (PID). The PID controller achieved the best performance overall, showing 51.65% improvement over PD and 4.91% over PI. The findings confirm that GOA is more effective than PSO in optimizing controller performance, and that PID is the most suitable for stable and efficient EV battery thermal management.]]>
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