Determinants of stunting among children aged 6–59 months in Banten Province: A cross-sectional analysis of the 2021 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (INSS)

Arifianti, Dian Isnaini (Public Health Center of Cireundeu, East Ciputat, South Tangerang City Department of Public Health Nutrition, Universitas Indonesia, Depok)
Sudiarti, Trini (Department of Public Health Nutrition, Universitas Indonesia, Depok)
Triyanti, Triyanti (Department of Public Health Nutrition, Universitas Indonesia, Depok)
Setiarini, Asih (Department of Public Health Nutrition, Universitas Indonesia, Depok)
Djokosujono, Kusharisupeni (Department of Public Health Nutrition, Universitas Indonesia, Depok)

Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics)
VOLUME 13 ISSUE 5, 2025

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Stunting adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh karena kekurangan zat gizi kronik dan infeksi berulang yang berdampak jangka panjang. Data SSGI 2021 menunjukkan stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Provinsi Banten karena prevalensinya masih tinggi (24,5%).Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan stunting balita 6-59 bulan di Provinsi Banten.Metode: Desain penelitian cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 1.643 balita 6-59 bulan menggunakan data SSGI 2021. Variabel independen adalah faktor anak (umur, jenis kelamin, berat lahir, panjang lahir, keragaman pangan); faktor ibu (pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu); faktor kerawanan pangan; faktor kesehatan lingkungan (kepemilikan jamban), faktor penyakit infeksi (riwayat ISPA, diare, pneumonia, TBC); faktor pelayanan kesehatan (pemberian vitamin A pengobatan balita sakit di fasilitas kesehatan). Analisis menggunakan univariat, bivariat (chi-square), dan multivariat (regresi logistik ganda).Hasil: Proporsi stunting sebesar 22,7%. Determinan stunting balita 6-59 bulan adalah jenis kelamin (AOR 1,351; CI 95% 1,047 – 1,744); pendidikan ibu (AOR 1,484; CI 95% 1,103 – 1,998); panjang lahir (AOR 2,094; CI 95% 1,512 – 2,899); kerawanan pangan (AOR 1,629; CI 95% 1,131 – 2,347).Kesimpulan: Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Provinsi Banten dengan faktor dominan yaitu panjang lahir pendek (AOR 2.09). Keluarga bayi dengan panjang lahir pendek, khususnya ibu perlu mendapatkan pendampingan (termasuk program gizi dan kesehatan) dan informasi pencegahan stunting sebagai upaya mengejar ketertinggalan agar bayi panjang lahir pendek dapat tumbuh dan memiliki panjang badan normal pada tahun-tahun berikutnya. Pemantauan kesehatan secara rutin bayi PBL pendek juga dianjurkan.KATA KUNCI: balita; determinan; panjang lahir; stuntingABSTRACTBackground:  Stunting is a growth failure due to chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections long-term impacts. In Banten Province, the prevalence remains high at 24.5%Objectives:  To identify determinants of stunting among toddlers aged 6-59 months in Banten.Methods :  The cross-sectional study analyzed 1.643 toddlers aged 6-59 months using INSS 2021 data. Independent variables included child factors (age, sex, birth weight, birth length, dietary diversity); maternal factors (education, occupation); food insecurity; environmental health factors (latrine ownership), infectious disease (ARI, diarrhea, pneumonia, tuberculosis); health services (vitamin A, treatment in health facilities). Data were analyzed using univariate, chi-square, and multiple logistic regression.Results: Stunting prevalence was 22.7%. Significant determinants were male gender (AOR 1.351; 95% CI 1.047 – 1.744); low maternal education (AOR 1.484; 95% CI 1.103 – 1.998); short birth length (AOR 2.094; 95% CI 1.512 – 2.899); and food insecurity (AOR 1.629; 95% CI 1.131 – 2.347).Conclusions:  Stunting remains a public health issue in Banten. The most dominant determinant is short birth length (AOR 2.09). Families of infants with Short Birth Length should receive targeted assistance through nutrition and health programs, education on stunting prevention, and monthly growth monitoring to support catch up growth.KEYWORD: birth length; determinant; stunting; toddler