Perspektif Pemangku Kepentingan Terhadap Indikator Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Sawah: Studi Kasus di Jawa dan Luar Jawa

Adnan, Asmadi

Jurnal Pertanahan
Vol 12 No 2 (2022): Jurnal Pertanahan

ABSTRAKKajian ini bertujuan menelaah/menganalisis perspektif berbagai indikator penyebab yang mendorong dan mencegah perubahan penggunaan lahan sawah (PPLS) yang terjadi di Jawa dan luar Jawa, serta kebijakan strategis untuk mengamankan luas lahan baku sawah (LLBS). Kajian ini merupakan studi komparasi (comparative study) antara wilayah Jawa dan luar Jawa dilandasi metode gabungan kualitatif dan kuantitatif (mixed methods) serta case studies and field research menggunakan metode kombinasi desain concurrent triangulation mengenai perspektif terhadap berbagai indikator pendorong, pencegah, dan kebijakan strategis PPLS. Penelitian berlokasi di 4 provinsi dan 4 kabupaten sampel yang dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling, didukung hasil analisis statistik dan penghitungan nilai skor bobot indikator (NSB-I) sebagai gambaran pengaruhnya menurut perspektif responden. Hasil penghitungan NSB-ID (pendorong) penyebab kerentanan PPLS, terdapat 3 indeks perspektif pendorong utama/tertinggi, yaitu di Jawa: 1) daerah belum mempunyai program pengendalian TR, 2) sawah di wilayah padat penduduk, dan 3) sawah dekat kawasan perdagangan/jasa, sedangkan luar Jawa: 1) sawah dekat jalan raya non-TOL, 2) daerah belum mempunyai program pengendalian TR, dan 3) sawah dekat kawasan permukiman. Hasil hitung NSB-IC (pencegah) pengamanan PPLS, terdapat 3 indeks pencegah utama/tertinggi, yaitu di Jawa: 1) pemanfaatan ruang sejalan RTRW/RDTR/Zonasi, 2) penetapan sawah dalam RRTR/RDTR/Zonasi, dan 3) penetapan sawah dalam LP2B ada peta lokasinya, sedangkan di luar Jawa: 1) penetapan sawah dalam LP2B, 2) penetapan sawah dalam RRTR/RDTR/ Zonasi, dan 3) penetapan sawah dalam LP2B ada peta lokasinya. Hasil NSB-IKS (kebijakan strategis) mempertahankan LLBS, terdapat 2 NSB-IKS utama/tertinggi, yaitu di Jawa: 1) pemetaan lokasi dan LLBS perlu dilakukan menjadi sasaran strategis, dan 2) pencegahan PPLS dan pengamanan LLBS perlu sinkronisasi pembiayaan, sedangkan Luar Jawa: 1) pencegahan PPLS dan pengamanan LLBS perlu sinkronisasi pembiayaan, dan 2) evaluasi kesesuaian pemanfaatan ruang dengan RTR untuk sawah dan pengamanan LLBS perlu sinkronisasi pembiayaan.   ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine/analyze the perspectives of various causal indicators of the drivers and prevention of changes in paddy land use (PPLS) that occur in Java and Outside Java, as well as strategic policies to secure the area of raw rice fields (LLBS). This study is a comparative study between Java and Outside Java based on mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative (mixed methods) as well as case studies and field research using a combination of concurrent triangulation design methods regarding perspectives on various indicators of driving, preventing and strategic policies of PPLS. The research located in 4 provinces and 4 sample districts, was selected using the purposive sampling method, supported by the results of statistical analysis and calculating the value of the indicator weight score (NSB-I) as an illustration of the effect according o the respondent’s perspective. The results of the calculation of the NSB-ID (driver) causing the vulnerability of PPLS, there are 3 indices of the main/highest driving perspective, namely in Java: 1) the area does not have a TR control program, 2) rice fields in densely populated areas, and 3) rice fields near trade areas/services, while Outside Java: 1) rice fields near nonTOL highways, 2) areas that do not have a TR control program, and 3) rice fields near residential areas. The results of the calculation of the NSB-IC (prevention) for PPLS security, there are 3 main/highest prevention indices, namely in Java: 1) space utilization in line with RTRW/RDTR/ Zonation, 2) determination of rice fields in RRTR/RDTR/Zonasi, and 3) determination of rice fields in LP2B there is a location map, while outside Java: 1) determination of rice fields in LP2B, 2) determination of rice fields in RRTR/RDTR/Zonasi, and 3) determination of rice fields in LP2B there is a location map. The results of the NSB-IKS (strategic policy) to maintain LLBS, there are 2 main/highest NSB-IKS, namely in Java: 1) location mapping and LLBS need to be carried out as strategic targets, and 2) PPLS prevention and LLBS security need financing synchronization, while outside Java: 1) prevention of PPLS and securing of LLBS need synchronization of financing, and 2) evaluation of the suitability of space utilization with RTR for rice fields and security of LLBS need synchronization of financing.