<![CDATA[Objective: This study aims to clarify the legal boundaries between group hooliganism and mass riots, analyze their compositional elements under criminal law, and propose scientifically grounded criteria for their differentiation. Method: A legal analysis was conducted, examining the overlapping features of mass riots and group hooliganism, including their subjective motives, objective signs, and mass participation concepts. The study used existing legal norms and judicial practices as the basis for the analysis. Results: The research identifies key differences between these crimes, focusing on motives, the scale of disorder, crowd composition, spontaneity, and the primary object of criminal encroachment—public order versus public safety. Despite shared features such as violence and group participation, clear distinctions can be made based on these criteria. Novelty: The study proposes refined differentiation criteria that account for both objective and subjective elements, offering a systematic interpretation of these crimes that can contribute to legislative clarification and improved legal accountability. The findings emphasize the need for enhanced training for law enforcement and judicial bodies to prevent misclassification.]]>
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