Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Vol 48 No 3 (2025)

New Perspective of Unconventional Hydrocarbon Production With Emission Calculations

Estherlita Elizabeth Syaranamual (Institute Technology Bandung)
Silvya Dewi Rahmawati (Institute Technology Bandung)
Ardhi Hakim Lumban Gaol (Institute Technology Bandung)



Article Info

Publish Date
30 Oct 2025

Abstract

The Paris Agreement aims to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C, with Indonesia committing to achieving net zero emissions by 2060. The oil and gas industry contributes around 15% of global emissions. On the other hand, as a developing country, we still depend on fossil fuels to meet our energy needs. Based on data from the IEA in 2015, Indonesia has 303 TCF of shale gas reserves that we use to meet future energy needs. This study conducts a case study on a shale gas field (field X) by calculating greenhouse gas emissions using engineering estimation methods. These calculations estimate methane and carbon dioxide emissions using activity data from each process and emission factors published in the 2021 API Compendium. Furthermore, this study analyzes emission control strategy scenarios so that field X produces fluids optimally with lower emissions. Based on the results of the field emission source study, emissions originate from two stages, namely pre-production, including normal operating processes such as mud degassing in drilling operations, flowback in hydraulic fracturing, and well test operations, followed by the production stage, including venting or gas release operations such as pneumatic controllers, casing gas vents, workover processes, and several gas processing tools such as glycol dehydration and glycol pumps. Thus, the total emissions generated during 12 years of production are estimated at 90.24 million tons of CO2e. A development scenario for field X is a combination scenario of 20% regulating the production flow rate and number of wells, resulting in an emission reduction ratio of 23% and a recovery factor of 28%.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

SCOG

Publisher

Subject

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy

Description

The Scientific Contributions for Oil and Gas is the official journal of the Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS for the dissemination of information on research activities, technology engineering development and laboratory testing in the oil and gas field. Manuscripts in English are accepted from ...