<![CDATA[The rapid development of technology and information has brought the world of education into the era of disruption, where learning undergoes significant transformation through digitalization, artificial intelligence, and online platforms. However, these changes also pose serious challenges such as digital access gaps, the decline of social interaction, and crises in critical literacy and media ethics. Formal education, which remains technocratic in orientation, is considered insufficient in fostering critical awareness and social transformation among learners. Therefore, critical and transformative pedagogical approaches become relevant as the foundation of emancipatory education that emphasizes dialogue, reflection, and the empowerment of students as agents of change. This article reviews the concepts of critical pedagogy, transformative pedagogy, and emancipatory education in the context of the disruption era, and stresses the need for liberating and transformative education to face the complex challenges of contemporary education.]]>
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