<![CDATA[The development of information and communication technology (ICT) has driven significant transformations across various sectors, including Islamic education in Indonesia. Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren), as traditional educational institutions, are required to adapt to digitalization in order to improve quality, efficiency, and competitiveness. This study aims to describe the role of kyai leadership styles in the ICT transformation process within pesantren, analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors of its implementation, and examine the extent to which ICT adoption contributes to enhancing institutional competitiveness. This research employs a literature review and conceptual analysis method. The primary sources consist of articles, journals, and conference proceedings focusing on pesantren digitalization, kyai leadership, Islamic educational management, and ICT implementation in Islamic boarding schools. The results indicate that the kyai’s leadership style is a key factor determining the success of digitalization. Visionary, transformational, adaptive, and collaborative leadership has been proven to encourage the integration of technology in learning, management, dakwah, and digital literacy without diminishing the traditional character of pesantren. Digitalization through e-learning, digital libraries, management information systems, and digital dakwah improves educational quality, strengthens administrative transparency, and expands the reach and institutional image of pesantren. Nevertheless, limited infrastructure, low digital literacy, cultural resistance, and insufficient funding remain major challenges. This study affirms that progressive kyai leadership represents a strategic model for realizing modern pesantren that remain firmly rooted in Islamic values.]]>
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