<![CDATA[The impact of education privatization and fitness privatization on access and quality of education in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan, was examined through a qualitative approach. Education privatization is seen as having a potential dual impact: on the one hand, it can spur innovation and improve quality, but on the other hand, it can create barriers to access, especially for students from low-income backgrounds. On the other hand, paid fitness programs act as an external factor that can support educational quality by improving students' physical fitness, endurance, and learning health. The effects of fitness privatization on educational quality are more indirect: with good private fitness programs, students experience improved physical condition, stamina, concentration, and learning motivation, which in turn supports their academic performance. However, limited access to private fitness services for some students presents a barrier to realizing these benefits. The study concludes that to improve educational quality and equitable access, a stronger state role is needed in regulation, subsidies, or public-private partnerships, as well as policies that ensure private education and fitness services are not exclusive but inclusive.]]>
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