<![CDATA[Civics Education in elementary schools plays a strategic role in strengthening students’ character, particularly their cooperative attitudes. The Numbered Heads Together cooperative learning model is considered relevant to support this objective; however, previous studies indicate variations in its implementation and outcomes. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the characteristics of NHT implementation, its influence on strengthening elementary school students’ cooperative attitudes, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors affecting its effectiveness in Civics Education learning. This research employs a literature study method using a Systematic Literature Review approach through the SPAR-4-SLR procedure. Articles were retrieved from Google Scholar within the period of 2017–2025. Out of 35 reviewed articles, 25 articles were selected based on relevance criteria. The findings reveal that the implementation of the NHT model is characterized by active student engagement, group collaboration, individual responsibility, the teacher’s role as a facilitator, and the organization of heterogeneous groups. The NHT model has a positive effect on strengthening students’ cooperative attitudes, particularly in aspects of active interaction, group cohesion, and individual responsibility. Supporting factors include teacher competence, habituation of cooperative learning, and school support, while inhibiting factors consist of low student readiness, limited instructional time, and inadequate learning facilities.]]>
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