Ambidextrous : Journal of Innovation, Efficiency and Technology in Organization
Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): Ambidextrous: Journal of Innovation, Efficiency and Technology in Organization

The Effect of Green Phoskko and EM4 Activators on Making Compost Fertilizer from a Mixture of Pineapple Peel Waste and Rabbit Feces Using the Windrow Method

Meisya Royani (Unknown)
Natalina (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
16 Jan 2026

Abstract

Abstract: Composting is an environmentally friendly method of processing organic waste that can produce high-value organic fertilizer. Organic wastes such as pineapple peels and rabbit manure have potential as compost raw materials due to their high organic carbon and nitrogen content. In this study, a ratio of pineapple peel and rabbit manure of 1:1 (wet weight) was used to obtain an appropriate initial C/N ratio. However, an unbalanced C/N ratio requires special treatment to optimize the decomposition process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using the windrow method with the addition of Effective Microorganisms 4 (EM4) and Green Phoskko activators on C-organic content, total nitrogen, and the resulting compost C/N ratio. The research was conducted using an experimental method with a complete randomized design (CRD) consisting of three treatments, namely: no activator (control), addition of EM4, and addition of Green Phoskko. The compost material was arranged in the form of an elongated pile (windrow), turned periodically, and measured temperature, pH, C-organic content, total nitrogen, and C/N ratio every week for 28 days (4 weeks) of the composting process. Laboratory analysis was conducted at Lampung State Polytechnic Laboratory. The results showed that treatment with EM4 produced C-organic content of 17.26%, total nitrogen of 1.63%, and C/N ratio of 10.59, while Green Phoskko produced C-organic content of 16.22%, total nitrogen of 1.45%, and C/N ratio of 11.18, and the control produced C-organic content of 15.64%, total nitrogen of 1.30%, and C/N ratio of 12.03. the compost treated with EM4 and Green Phoskko has met the standards of good compost quality.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

ambidextrous

Publisher

Subject

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Description

Focus: The primary focus of Ambidextrous is to explore and advance the intersection of innovation, efficiency, and technology within organizational contexts. The journal aims to contribute to the understanding and enhancement of organizational capabilities by examining how innovation strategies, ...