<![CDATA[This study was aims to examined the effect of specific internal factors of banks, namely bank size, capital adequacy ratio, non-performing loan ratio, liquidity ratio, dividend payout ratio, and loan ratio, on the profitability of Indonesian banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period of 2012-2024. The sample consists of 8 banks with a total of 102 annual observations. The analysis method used is panel data regression with a Random Effect Model approach using Eviews 9.0 software. The results of the study show that bank size and capital adequacy ratio have a significant positive effect on profitability, while the non-performing loan ratio has a significant negative effect on profitability. Meanwhile, the liquidity ratio and dividend payout ratio are expected to have a significant effect on banking profitability. These findings have important implications for bank management in optimizing capital structure, controlling asset quality, and determining dividend policy to achieve sustainable financial performance.]]>
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