<![CDATA[Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abundant in the genome and play important regulatory roles. However, classifying and annotating lncRNAs is challenging due to their diverse isoforms, complex functions, and interactions with other genes. Unlike protein-coding genes, lncRNAs exhibit dynamic changes, cell-specific characteristics, and influence various physiological and developmental processes. Dysregulation of lncRNAs is associated with genetic, immunological, metabolic, and tumoral diseases, including liver cancer, a highly lethal malignancy. In liver carcinogenesis, lncRNAs interact with proteins, DNA, and RNA to modulate gene expression, activate oncogenes, or inhibit tumor-suppressor genes. Therapeutic targeting of lncRNAs has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment, although clinical trials have shown varying efficacy and toxicity. This review summarizes recent advances on the role of lncRNAs in liver cancer, focusing on their involvement in tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. It highlights their potential as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets, discusses key challenges in lncRNA research, and explores emerging strategies for their clinical application in precision medicine.]]>
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