<![CDATA[The objective of this study was to create effective teaching materials that improve conceptual understanding. The research theme was to develop textbooks using Thiagarajan's 4D model: definition, design, development, and distribution. The research was conducted at the Mathematics Education Study Program, Khairun University. The textbook validity sheet and conceptual understanding test were used as research instruments. Findings: (1) high category obtained for content validity and reliability of textbooks; (2) medium category obtained for average increase in students' conceptual understanding scores. Non-parametric statistics textbooks with relevant and effective criteria improve conceptual understanding of Khairun University students.]]>
Copyrights © 2025
