<![CDATA[Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal and progressive weakness in skeletal muscles and accompanied by fatigue during activities. It usually affects young women and old men. This disease arises due to disorders of the neuromuscular junction involving acetylcholine and Ca++ ions. Antibodies to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) are the main cause of muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis. The muscles that are affected are muscles that control eye movements, eyelids, chewing, swallowing, coughing, and facial expressions. Shoulders, hips, neck, muscles that control body movements and muscles that help breathing can also be affected.The clinical manifestations of patients with myasthenia gravis are fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness and will increase during activities. They will feel very weak during the day and will recover when resting. The most common initial symptoms of myasthenia gravis are diplopia, ptosis, dysphagia with repeated aspiration, and difficulty in chewing.Supporting examinations for a definite diagnosis include anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies, chest X-ray, and MRI. The treatments are acetylcholinesterase drugs, steroid groups, immunosuppressive drugs, and thymectomy. The purpose of this literature review is to discuss myasthenia gravis and its management, especially therapies that target compounds in the immunological system (immunotherapy).]]>
Copyrights © 2025
