<![CDATA[The article examines modern Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithms as a key mechanism for ensuring the reliability, predictability, and formal robustness of blockchain protocols. The study focuses on identifying the structural properties of classical, linear, asynchronous, and hybrid consensus models and their role in maintaining the functionality of distributed systems under high load, heterogeneous connectivity, and network uncertainty. The methodological framework includes comparative and structural–functional analysis aimed at isolating architectural features that define resilience, validator organization, finality characteristics, and protocol behavior under varying network conditions. The work develops an applied approach to selecting consensus algorithms, based on the systematization of phase structures, communication models, and assumptions about possible fault types. The proposed framework makes it possible to account for both architectural constraints and operational conditions that determine the applicability of protocols in modern blockchain platforms with different degrees of openness and distribution. The practical significance of the study lies in providing a methodological basis for the informed selection of BFT algorithms when designing systems oriented toward high resilience, scalability, and guaranteed data agreement in a Byzantine environment. The article will be useful for distributed systems engineers, blockchain researchers, digital infrastructure specialists, and designers of high-load computational platforms.]]>
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