Andalas obstetrics and gynecology journal
Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)

Identification of Gender in Early Pregnancy Using Cell-Free Fetal Dna

Budi Junio Hermawan (Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Dr. M. Djamil Central General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Andalas University, Padang, Sumatra Barat, Indonesia)
Bobby Indra Utama (Urogynecologic Division, Obstetric and Gynecology Department, Dr. M. Djamil Central General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Sumatra Barat, Indonesia)
Andani Eka Putra (Center for Diagnostic and Research on Infectious Diseases (PDRPI), Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Sumatra Barat, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
02 Feb 2026

Abstract

Introduction: Traditionally, chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis can be used to help identify fetal gender around 11 weeks of pregnancy. However, the risk of miscarriage with these procedures is approximately 1 to 3%. The discovery of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) fragments in the plasma and serum of pregnant women carrying male fetuses has made reliable and accurate diagnosis using non-invasive procedures an option for determining fetal gender. To determine the success rate of fetal gender identification in early pregnancy using Cell Free Fetal DNA. Methods: An analytical observational research method to identify fetal gender in early pregnancy through Cell Free Fetal DNA examination in maternal blood. A total of 70 samples were collected using quota sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using sensitivity and specificity tests, as well as cross-sectional analysis to determine the relationship between PCR test results and gender at birth.      Results: The PCR test has low sensitivity (14.29%), meaning the test is less effective in correctly detecting male gender, resulting in many false negatives. However, it has high specificity (98.11%), indicating its excellent ability to detect female gender with very few false positives. Additionally, the Pearson Chi-Square statistical test resulted in a p-value of 0.033 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant relationship between PCR test results and gender at birth.   Conclusion: Statistically, this test is better at identifying females than males, with a lower error rate for females.  

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JOE

Publisher

Subject

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Nursing Public Health

Description

Andalas Obstetrics And Gynecology Journal (AOJ) (e-ISSN: 2579-8324) is a peer-reviewed, open-access national journal published by Universitas Andalas and is dedicated to publish and disseminate research articles, literature reviews, and case reports, in the field of obstetrics, gynecology, and other ...