An Integrated Pavement Maintenance Management Model for Coastal Roads under Seawater Exposure and Traffic Loading

Paikun Paikun (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer & Design, Nusa Putra University, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia)
Daniel Arie Susanto (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Computer & Design, Nusa Putra University, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia)
Lisa Oksri-Nelfia (Department of Civil Engineering and Planning, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia)
Sri Wiwoho Mudjanarko (Department of Civil Engineering, Narotama University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia)
Basil David Daniel (Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia)
Williams Dunu (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa)
Deshinta Arrova Dewi (Center for Data Science and Sustainable Technologies, INTI International University, Malaysia International Institute of Management and Business, Minsk, Belarus)

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
VOLUME 9, NUMBER 1, APRIL 2026

Aim: This study aims to develop an adaptive management and maintenance model for flexible pavement in coastal areas by integrating road condition evaluation, cost analysis, and the effects of seawater immersion. The model is intended to improve maintenance efficiency, extend pavement service life, and support sustainable infrastructure management. Methodology and results: A quantitative and experimental approach was employed. Field surveys assessed pavement conditions using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI), Surface Distress Index (SDI), and International Roughness Index (IRI). Asphalt samples were tested in the laboratory under seawater immersion to evaluate strength reduction through Marshall and Indirect Tensile Strength tests. Damage data were integrated with maintenance cost analysis and traffic volume, producing a predictive model using regression and correlation analysis. Initial results indicate that seawater immersion significantly accelerates pavement deterioration and increases maintenance costs compared to normal conditions. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: he proposed model provides a comprehensive framework by considering technical, economic, and environmental factors specific to coastal infrastructure. Findings highlight the importance of condition-based maintenance strategies that are adaptive to climate change and extreme environmental risks. This study contributes to achieving sustainable infrastructure, resilient cities, and climate action for coastal environments.