IoT-enabled connected incubator with redundant communication for real-time neonatal monitoring

Naçima Mellal (University of Oum El Bouagh)
Soumia Hadj Maatallah (University of Oum El Bouagh)
Ammar Merazga (University of Oum El Bouagh)
Rachida Bouchouareb (University of Oum El Bouagh)
Souad Nacer (University of Oum El Bouagh)

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Vol 41, No 2: February 2026

Premature birth remains a major challenge in neonatal care, especially in resource-constrained settings, where continuous monitoring and timely intervention are limited. Most existing neonatal incubators offer limited real-time monitoring, unreliable alerting, and lack communication redundancy, potentially delaying critical responses. This paper presents a comprehensive internet of thing (IoT) enabled connected incubator with redundant communication (Wi-Fi and GSM) for real-time monitoring of physiological and environmental parameters. The system integrates sensing, processing, cloud connectivity, a mobile application, and multi-channel alerts (App notifications, SMS, voice calls, and local alarms). It was experimentally evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. Quantitative evaluation shows a cloud transmission success rate of 99.1%, end-to-end communication latency below 1 second via Wi-Fi and 2.2 seconds via GSM, with 98% of alerts successfully delivered within 6 seconds. The proposed system provides a low-cost, reliable platform that enhances neonatal safety, supports timely clinical decisions, and is scalable for resource-constrained healthcare environments.