Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Vol 41, No 2: February 2026

RAC: a reusable adaptive convolution for CNN layer

Hung, Nguyen Viet (Unknown)
Huynh, Phi Dinh (Unknown)
Thinh, Pham Hong (Unknown)
Nguyen, Phuc Hau (Unknown)
Hoang, Trong-Minh (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Feb 2026

Abstract

This paper proposes reusable adaptive convolution (RAC), an efficient alternative to standard 3×3 convolutions for convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The main advantage of RAC lies in its simplicity and parameter efficiency, achieved by sharing horizontal and vertical 1×k/k×1 filter banks across blocks within a stage and recombining them through a lightweight 1×1 mixing layer. By operating at the operator design level, RAC avoids post-training compression steps and preserves the conventional Conv–BN–activation structure, enabling seamless integration into existing CNN backbones. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, extensive experiments are conducted on CIFAR-10 using several architectures, including ResNet-18/50/101, DenseNet, WideResNet, and EfficientNet. Experimental results demonstrate that RAC significantly reduces parameters and memory usage while maintaining competitive accuracy. These results indicate that RAC offers a reasonable balance between accuracy and compression, and is suitable for deploying CNN networks on resource-constrained platforms.

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