<![CDATA[The present research paper introduces a full-scale optimization model of a hybrid Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)-battery propulsion system that is designed to be used in the marine environment and achieve twofold goals of maximizing efficiency and ensuring the safety of the operation. The hybrid design uses the sustained high-efficiency capability of the PEMFC stack and the rapid responsiveness of the battery as a stabilizing action on transient loads, prolongs stack life and minimizes the hydrogen usage. The multi-objective optimization and model-predictive control (MPC) methods are implemented to synchronize the thermal and water management, load distribution, and safety-constrained performance in the circumstances of realistic voyage conditions. The outcome shows that efficiency in systems is increased at 44 in a single PEMFC and 52.6 in MPC with eco-cooling control, with the consumption of hydrogen reduces by almost 30 percent, battery degradation reduces by 34 percent, and the safety margin index increases by 40 percent. More solar input and integration would lead to a further 15-18% reduction in CO2-equivalent voyage-average emissions. Dynamic simulation indicates that the hybrid configuration has stack temperature in the range of 60-75 C, balanced water control (±0.8 kg.h-1), and constant output operation (±10 percent of nominal power). The thermal, electrochemical, and mechanical-acoustic tests demonstrate that the combined system enjoys a multidomain functional stability that is better than traditional systems. These results make the proposed PEMFC-battery architecture a technically feasible and scalable pathway to safe, efficient, and zero-emission marine propulsion in line with the IMO 2050 decarbonization requirements.]]>
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