Dampak faktor organisasi, sosial, dan beban kerja terhadap burnout pada tenaga kesehatan dalam perspektif lintas sektor

Mubarok, Rizqi
Prabowo, Eric Satrio Adi
Mayusip, Billy Octavianus Samuel
Restiani, Laela Sari
Missa, Rony Rikus
Pamarta, Vip

JOURNAL OF Qualitative Health Research & Case Studies Reports
Vol 6 No 3 (2026): March Edition 2026

Background: Burnout among healthcare workers is a growing psychological problem across various healthcare sectors and impacts the well-being of healthcare workers and the quality and safety of patient care. Burnout is influenced by various factors, including organizational, social, and workload factors, with varying characteristics across healthcare facilities. Purpose: To examine the state of healthcare worker burnout across various healthcare sectors and to analyze the influence of organizational, social, and workload factors from a cross-sectoral perspective. Method: A literature review was conducted by searching scientific articles through PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate databases during the August–September period. Articles were selected based on topic suitability, methodological quality, and relevance of the research findings. Results: The study shows that burnout occurs widely in hospitals, community health centers, and community healthcare facilities, with the main triggers being excessive workload, high emotional demands, administrative burden, unsupportive leadership, and minimal social support. Furthermore, the quality of the work environment and interpersonal relationships have been shown to play a significant role in exacerbating or protecting healthcare workers from burnout. Conclusion: Burnout among healthcare workers is a multidimensional problem that requires a comprehensive and cross-sectoral approach with a focus on improving organizational systems, strengthening social support, and managing workloads fairly and adaptively.   Keywords: Burnout; Healthcare Workers; Organizational Factors; Social Support; Workload.   Pendahuluan: Burnout pada tenaga kesehatan merupakan masalah psikologis yang semakin meningkat di berbagai sektor pelayanan kesehatan dan berdampak pada kesejahteraan tenaga kesehatan serta mutu dan keselamatan pelayanan pasien. Burnout dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk faktor organisasi, sosial, dan beban kerja, dengan karakteristik yang berbeda pada setiap jenis fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan: Untuk mengkaji kondisi burnout tenaga kesehatan di berbagai sektor pelayanan kesehatan serta menganalisis pengaruh faktor organisasi, sosial, dan beban kerja dalam perspektif lintas sektor. Metode: Studi literature review dengan penelusuran artikel ilmiah melalui basis data PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, dan ResearchGate pada periode Agustus–September. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan kesesuaian topik, kualitas metodologi, dan relevansi hasil penelitian. Hasil: kajian menunjukkan bahwa burnout terjadi secara luas di rumah sakit, puskesmas, dan layanan kesehatan komunitas, dengan pemicu utama berupa beban kerja berlebih, tuntutan emosional tinggi, beban administratif, kepemimpinan yang tidak suportif, serta minimnya dukungan sosial. Selain itu, kualitas lingkungan kerja dan hubungan interpersonal terbukti berperan penting dalam memperburuk atau melindungi tenaga kesehatan dari burnout. Simpulan: Burnout tenaga kesehatan merupakan masalah multidimensional yang memerlukan pendekatan komprehensif dan lintas sektor dengan fokus pada perbaikan sistem organisasi, penguatan dukungan sosial, serta pengelolaan beban kerja yang adil dan adaptif. Kata Kunci: Beban Kerja; Burnout; Dukungan Sosial; Faktor Organisasi; Tenaga Kesehatan.