<![CDATA[General Background: The development of efficient and cost-effective photovoltaic devices relies heavily on the optical performance of semiconductor materials. Specific Background: Zinc oxide (ZnO), a low-cost and abundant material, exhibits promising optical properties suitable for light absorption applications. Knowledge Gap: However, limited studies have simulated the impact of varying thickness and surface roughness on the optical behavior of ZnO membranes using advanced computational methods. Aims: This study aims to simulate and analyze the optical properties of three-dimensional ZnO thin films deposited on a glass substrate using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. Results: The simulation, conducted across wavelengths ranging from 300–800 nm, demonstrates that increasing the ZnO membrane’s thickness and surface roughness enhances light absorption and reduces reflectivity. Optimal performance was observed at a membrane thickness of 5.2 µm. Novelty: This research applies FDTD-based modeling to examine both flat and rough-surfaced ZnO membranes, providing a comprehensive understanding of light interaction in nanostructured layers. Implications: The findings contribute to the design of high-performance, low-cost optical and photovoltaic devices by optimizing ZnO film characteristics for maximum efficiency. Highlights: Background: ZnO films have potential in low-cost photovoltaic applications. Method/Result: FDTD simulation shows thickness and roughness improve light absorption. Implication: Guides efficient ZnO-based optical device design. Keyword : Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Thin Films, FDTD Simulation, Optical Properties, Photovoltaic Devices]]>
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