<![CDATA[This research presents a hybrid optimization framework that integrates Dijkstra’s Algorithm, the Genetic Algorithm (GA), and a 2-Opt local search procedure to generate optimal and demographically tailored tourist routes at Wisata Bahari Lamongan (WBL). The methodological novelty lies in the layered design of the hybrid pipeline: Dijkstra is used as a pre-processing stage to reconstruct a complete shortest-path distance matrix from partially measured field data, ensuring that GA operates on accurate inter-attraction distances and avoids unrealistic transitions. The GA then performs route evolution using PMX crossover, swap mutation, and elitism, while 2-Opt refines local segments to prevent suboptimal edge structures. Experiments involved 12 parameter-testing scenarios (CR = 0.7–0.9, MR = 0.05–0.1, population sizes of 50 and 100) across three visitor categories children, adults, and seniors. Benchmark validation on ATSP datasets from TSPLIB (BR17, P43, RY48, FT53) resulted in a mean error rate of 6.189%, confirming the robustness and generalizability of the method. The optimal configuration (CR = 0.7, MR = 0.05, PopSize = 100) produced route distances of 184,750 cm (children), 197,340 cm (adults), and 180,190 cm (seniors), yielding efficiency improvements of 30–50% compared to a pure GA and 3–7% compared to the initial measured paths. These findings demonstrate that the proposed hybrid Dijkstra–GA–2Opt framework offers a conceptually distinct, scalable, and empirically validated approach for real-world tourism route optimization.]]>
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