Population Dynamics and Food Security Index on the Island of Java

Viona Retha Yurianti (Economics Development, Faculty of Economics, Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo, Indonesia)
Slamet Santoso (Economics Development, Faculty of Economics, Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo, Indonesia)
Choirul Hamidah (Economics Development, Faculty of Economics, Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo, Indonesia)

Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi
Vol. 10 No. 02 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi

Food security is a crucial issue in Java due to high demographic pressure and limited land. This study aims to analyze the effects of demographic factors on the Food Security Index (FSI) in six provinces on the island of Java during the period 2020-2024, using a quantitative approach with panel data regression and the Fixed Effects Model (FEM) as the preferred estimation model. The study uses secondary data sourced from BPS and BAPANAS. The analysis shows that population size and density have a significant positive effect on FSI, indicating that areas with larger populations tend to have better food distribution systems, accessibility, and infrastructure. Conversely, population growth has a significant negative effect on the FSI because it can increase pressure on food availability and access.