bit-Tech
Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): bit-Tech - IN PROGRESS

Design and Development of an IoT-Based Rain Intensity Prediction System Using LoRa

M. Arif (Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur)
Mohammad Idhom (Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur)
Henni Endah Wahanani (Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur)



Article Info

Publish Date
10 Apr 2026

Abstract

An Internet of Things (IoT)–based system for rain intensity monitoring and next-day prediction is presented by integrating low-power wide-area communication using LoRa with cloud-based processing for outdoor and rural environments. This study evaluates the feasibility of LoRa communication and the end-to-end operational reliability of an IoT–cloud pipeline, while positioning machine learning as a supporting decision-aid module. A low-cost sensing node equipped with temperature, humidity, and wind-speed sensors is connected to a LoRa-based gateway that forwards measurements to an Amazon EC2 cloud server via MQTT for centralized storage, processing, and notification delivery. The system is evaluated through a 10-day single-node real-world outdoor deployment, focusing on sensor data acquisition reliability, LoRa link quality, and end-to-end operation from data acquisition to user notifications. The classification module achieves an overall accuracy of 0.74 with a weighted F1-score of 0.71, while minority-class performance remains limited due to class imbalance. LoRa communication remains stable with RSSI values of −80.91 to −79.19 dBm, SNR values of 9.86–9.95 dB, and packet loss rates below 3%. By jointly evaluating LPWAN communication reliability and cloud-side predictive services within a single field deployment, the results demonstrate the practicality of LPWAN-based IoT sensing with cloud integration for rain intensity monitoring in resource-constrained environments, while highlighting the need for future improvements in minority-class prediction and multi-node scalability.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

bt

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT

Description

The bit-Tech journal was developed with the aim of accommodating the scientific work of Lecturers and Students, both the results of scientific papers and research in the form of literature study results. It is hoped that this journal will increase the knowledge and exchange of scientific ...