<![CDATA[As cyber threats and the misuse of personal data continue to increase, private browsing modes in web browsers such as Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox are often perceived as solutions to enhance user privacy. However, these modes still leave traces of sensitive data in volatile memory (RAM), even though artifacts stored on disk-based storage are removed. This study evaluates the effectiveness of private browsing modes using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) framework integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) for forensic analysis. Simulation scenarios were conducted to assess the ability of private browsing modes to prevent data retention. The results indicate that although private browsing modes successfully eliminate disk-based traces, sensitive data such as account credentials can still be extracted from RAM. The integration of AI accelerates the detection of these artifacts. This research contributes to the field of digital forensics by providing a systematic framework for evaluating browser privacy mechanisms and offering insights for the development of real-time browser security tools.]]>
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