<![CDATA[Conventional and electric wheelchairs are often unable to fully meet the needs of users with upper-body movement limitations, particularly in terms of device control and surrounding environment detection. In addition, existing smart wheelchairs are generally expensive, difficult to customize, and have not been widely accepted by users. This study aims to design a smart wheelchair that integrates voice control, joystick control, and an obstacle detection system to enhance user safety, accessibility, and independence.The design process was carried out systematically through functional decomposition, concept development, and design selection for the frame structure, control system, and motor drive circuit components. The system was developed using an Arduino microcontroller, Voice Recognition Module V3.1, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors, an analog joystick, and an L298N motor driver. The prototype successfully integrated two control modes with an aluminum frame capable of supporting loads of up to 150 kg. The obstacle detection system operated effectively within a 50 cm radius to automatically prevent collisions. However, the voice recognition module still encountered technical issues, such as errors during voice training, indicating the need for more reliable hardware solutions.The results demonstrate that the proposed design has significant potential to support the mobility of people with disabilities through enhanced safety features and flexible control mechanisms. Further development is required to improve the reliability of the voice recognition system and to expand the application of assistive technologies for improving users’ quality of life.]]>
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