Journal of Law Perspectives Review
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Januari

Criminal Liability for Electronic Document Forgery: A Case Study of PT. Toyobo Japan

Sophia Lequin Theovani Purba (Unknown)
Thomas Poltak Sianturi (Universitas Sumatera Utara)
Theodora Verina Josephine Rouli Situmorang (Universitas Sumatera Utara)
Rosmalinda (Universitas Sumatera Utara)
Annisa Hafizhah (Universitas Sumatera Utara)



Article Info

Publish Date
28 Jan 2026

Abstract

This study aims to explain the legal regulation of electronic document forgery in Indonesia as well as the form of criminal liability in the case of electronic document forgery of PT Toyobo Japan. Forgery of electronic documents is regulated through the general provisions of the Criminal Code and special provisions in the Electronic Information and Transactions Law that provide a legal basis for the act of creating, altering, and distributing counterfeit digital documents. This study uses a normative juridical method with a legislative approach and a case approach, based on the analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study showed that the perpetrators deliberately created fake email accounts and manipulated payment instruction documents to illegally divert funds. These acts meet the elements of intentionality, responsible ability, unauthorized access, and the creation of false electronic documents as stipulated in the Criminal Code and the ITE Law. Thus, the perpetrators can be held criminally responsible as the main perpetrator or participate based on the applicable legal provisions.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

jlpr

Publisher

Subject

Description

Journal of Law Perspectives Review (JLPR) is an open-access and peer-reviewed academic journal focusing on legal studies and contemporary issues in law. We publish original and up-to-date articles that address significant theoretical, doctrinal, and practical legal issues relevant to Indonesia, ...