The rapid development of globalization, digitalization, and social change has created new challenges in educational management. Education systems are required to adapt to the dynamics of modern developments in order to produce competent, adaptive, and character-driven human resources. This article aims to analyze several contemporary issues in educational management, particularly education in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0, strengthening character education through the Pancasila Student Profile, disparities in educational quality between regions, and governance of higher education facing the challenges of internationalization. This study employs a literature review method by analyzing relevant scientific journals, books, and educational policy documents. The results indicate that digital transformation in education is inevitable, but it must be balanced with the strengthening of character values. In addition, disparities in educational quality between regions remain a major challenge that requires more effective equity policies. At the higher education level, improving governance and internationalization has become an important strategy to enhance global competitiveness. Therefore, synergy between the government, educational institutions, and society is needed to manage education in an innovative and sustainable manner
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