<![CDATA[The rapid growth of cryptocurrency adoption in Indonesia has created significant challenges for the national Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing (AML/CFT) regime. The dualism of regulation between Law No. 8 of 2010 and Bappebti Regulation No. 8 of 2021 has generated legal uncertainty, particularly regarding the legal status of crypto assets, supervision of Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs), digital evidence, and asset tracing mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the Indonesian legal framework governing cryptocurrency-based money laundering and examine how regulatory dualism affects the effectiveness of law enforcement and harmonization with Financial Action Task Force (FATF) standards. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Primary legal materials consist of laws and regulations related to anti-money laundering and cryptocurrency governance, while secondary legal materials include institutional reports, statistical data, and scholarly literature concerning digital financial crimes. The study finds that Indonesia’s cryptocurrency regulatory framework remains fragmented due to overlapping authority between Bank Indonesia, Bappebti, and the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Such fragmentation weakens AML/CFT implementation, particularly in identifying beneficial ownership, tracing cross-border transactions, and enforcing compliance standards. The transition toward OJK supervision through the P2SK Law represents an important step toward integrated regulation, although institutional and technological challenges remain significant in addressing increasingly sophisticated crypto-based money laundering schemes.]]>
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