Understanding Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiologic Insights and Primary Prevention to Mitigate Coronary Events

Abdul Hakim Alkatiri (Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia)
Jasmine Ibtisimah AlkatirI (Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia)
William Suciangto (Medical Doctor Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia)
Iskam Syawal (Medical Doctor Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia)
Andriany Qanita (Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia)

Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health Sciences Journal
Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): OCTOBER

Atherosclerosis represents the fundamental pathological process underlying ischemic heart disease, particularly acute coronary syndrome, and remains a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its development is driven by a complex interplay of endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition, inflammatory activation, and fibrous plaque formation, culminating in plaque rupture and subsequent coronary flow obstruction. In this paper, we comprehensively explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis and discuss potential preventive strategies aimed at attenuating its progression and reducing the burden of ischemic heart disease.