<![CDATA[Microneedle technology has emerged as a promising innovation in transdermal drug delivery, addressing limitations found in conventional methods. Microneedles enable efficient, minimally painful drug administration and enhance the bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs. Despite their advantages, challenges in design and material selection remain barriers to broader clinical acceptance. Microneedle formulations commonly incorporate liquid and solid lipids as excipients to improve system stability and delivery flexibility. Key parameters such as particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and encapsulation efficiency (EE) are evaluated to ensure product quality. This study began with a keyword-based literature search, yielding 189 articles. After screening and elimination, 20 journals were selected for in-depth analysis. The literature review indicates that microneedle technology significantly improves drug bioavailability, immune response, and patient comfort compared to traditional injection methods. Moreover, it shows potential in minimizing side effects and enabling more controlled drug release. This research provides insight into microneedles as a new paradigm in drug and vaccine delivery, highlighting their potential for safer and more effective clinical applications.]]>
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