<![CDATA[This study aims to assess and empirically prove the independent variables of tax planning and deferred tax assets affecting the dependent variable of earnings management. This research employs a quantitative approach based on an associative design, formulating hypotheses and applying inferential statistical procedures to evaluate causal relationships, using purposive sampling involving a number of companies and observational data taken from annual audit reports. The analysis results indicate that tax planning has a significant influence on earnings management. Conversely, deferred tax assets do not show a significant effect. These findings suggest that the long-term orientation and limitations in the flexibility of deferred tax assets substantially reduce their effectiveness as instruments for short-term earnings manipulation.]]>
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