Tensor: Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal
Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Tensor: Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal

Performance Analysis of Grey Wolf Optimizer for Solving Nonlinear Systems with Complex Roots

Merysa Puspita Sari (Universitas Jember)
Dewi Ika Ainurrofiqoh (Universitas Jember)
Agustina Pradjaningsih (Universitas Jember)
Sailah Ar Rizka (Universitas Jember)
Nadia Kholifia (Universitas Jember)



Article Info

Publish Date
10 Jun 2026

Abstract

Nonlinear systems of equations consist of multiple equations that must be solved simultaneously, and analytical solutions are often difficult to obtain, particularly for complex cases. For this reason, numerical and metaheuristic approaches are frequently employed as practical alternatives. This study investigates the performance of the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) in solving nonlinear systems involving both real and complex roots. The problem is reformulated as an optimization task by minimizing a modulus based objective function derived from the given system. The implementation is carried out in MATLAB using several test cases, and a parameter sensitivity analysis is conducted with respect to the number of search agents, search boundaries, and maximum iterations. To evaluate its performance, the results obtained using GWO are compared with those of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm reported in previous studies. The findings indicate that GWO is able to produce stable solutions with objective function values close to zero across different cases. However, PSO tends to achieve higher accuracy and faster convergence in certain scenarios. Despite this, GWO demonstrates strong exploration capability, which contributes to its robustness and makes it a viable alternative for solving complex nonlinear systems.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

tensor

Publisher

Subject

Computer Science & IT Mathematics

Description

Tensor: Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal is an international academic open access journal that gains a foothold in the field of mathematics and its applications which is issued twice a year. The focus is to publish original research and review articles on all aspects of both pure and applied ...