<![CDATA[The transformation of the global energy sector, driven by climate change, energy security and sustainability challenges, has increased attention to renewable energy, especially hydropower as a reliable and stable source. This study aims to analyze the development of hydropower research in sustainable energy systems using an integrated bibliometric approach. Descriptive quantitative methods were applied to 2,151 Scopus indexed documents, analyzed using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, with a focus on publication trends, keyword co-occurrence, scientific collaboration and citation impact. The results show significant growth in hydropower publications, increasing from 246 documents in 2020 to more than 516 in 2025, indicating its increasing relevance in the global energy transition. The keyword “hydropower” was identified as a central node, which is closely related to renewable energy, decarbonization and sustainability. Furthermore, the findings highlight the multidisciplinary nature of hydropower research, encompassing technological, environmental and future energy innovation aspects, along with the predominance of contributions from a few leading countries and researchers. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive mapping of the scientific dynamics of hydropower and offers strategic insights to support future progress in sustainable energy development.]]>
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